Native operations on Table for Schema change
By using the BigQuery's UI ("Edit Schema" button) you can do only limited of table schema changes:
Adding new fields
Them can only be:
- nullable
- repeated
required ones arent'possible
Updating existing data with new fields values
Can be done by "create table" with the same name as the destination table and setting.
In Advanced Options, set write preferences as overwrite table. So the table will be updated.
You'll need to insert the new schema when creating the "new" table
Appending rows
Same as updating but in advanced options, set append.